Pleistocene formations are in a separate file
INDEX
Annulatus Beds, Axinea Beds, Badui Beds, Bagelen Beds, Banyak or Banjak Beds, Bayah coal Beds, Bayah Layers, Bentang Beds, Beser Series, Bodas Series, Bojong Beds, Bojongmanik Beds, BPM units (Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij), Breccia Horizons, Bulu Fm., Butak Beds
ANNULATUS ZONE (Formation) (Annulatushorizont). Miocene
LUDWIG (O.) (1933). Toelichting bij Blad 30 (Poerwakarta). Geol. Kaart van Java, 1:100,000, pp. 10-12.
Under this name has been described a thick series of sediments occurring in North-Central West Java ("Bogor-zone" of van Bemmelen). As the thickness of the sediments, according to the report by Musper (1938) may reach 2900 m, the qualification "horizon" in this connection is, of course, unjustified. Annulatus complex would be a better qualification, as has been used by van Bemmelen (1949, p. 649).
In this sedimentary complex a Northern and a Southern facies have been distinguished. The Northern facies is mainly calcareous with intercalations of volcanics, while the Southern facies is mainly sandy-volcanic.
The Northern facies. No coherent section has been given from this part of the series. It consists of thick, massive reef-limestones with larger Foraminifera, and remains of numerous other organisms, molluscs, echinoderms etc. The limestone is usually very hard. To the West, in the adjoining sheet 24 (Cibarusa), this limestone may reach a thickness of 500 m in the Klapanunggal Hills, and is there called the Klapanunggal limestone (Member) (Musper, 1938, p. 13; van Bemmelen , 1949, p. 649).
Other components of the series are: grey calcareous sandstones with larger Foraminifera; marls, tuffaceous marls and marly limestones with long cylindrical concretions, resembling similar formations in the Telisa Beds (Sumatra). The thickness may vary from about 550 m in the Eastern part (sheet Poerwakarta) to 2900 m in the Western part. Of this, the Klapanunggal limestones take 500 m, the rest of the sediments 2400 m.
The Southern facies. Quartz sandstones with thin coal-seams and muscovite, light grey quartzites, marls, marly limestones and marly shales. Intercalations of lava occur (Valley of Citarum River near Sodong). Fossils are scarce, but in sheet 24 Katacycloclypeus annulatus (Martin) was found, indicating that the age is about similar to that of the limestone facies, which contains the same fossil.
The beds may be correlated with the Upper Pemali Beds (Formation) to the East, and are of Tf2-f3 age. They are overlain by the Cidadap Beds (Formation) [Halang Beds (Formations)]. The name Annulatus formation is proposed.
Type locality: No type section or locality is indicated.
Geographical distribution: The beds cover large areas in sheets 24 and 30 of the Geol. Map of Java 1:100,000 (sheet 24 not published), between 106° 48' 26.68" E (106.807416°E) (= 0 meridian of Djakarta) and 107° 24' 27" E, lat. 6' 20' S, to 6' 40' S. See also: Pemali Beds.
Diagnostic fossils: Cycloclypeus annulatus (Martin); Lepidocyclina spp.; Miogypsina spp.
References: Musper (K.A.F.R.) (1938), p. 13; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), p. 649.
AXINEA BEDS (Formation) (Axinea lagen. Eocene
See: Nanggulan Beds
B
BADUI BEDS (Formation) (Badoei lagen). Miocene
Koolhoven (W.C.B.) (1933). Toelichting bij Blad 14 (Bajah). Geol. Kaart van Java 1 / 1 00.000. Dienst Mijnb. Ned. Indie, p. 3 1.
Andesites, andesitic conglomerates and sandstones, passing upward into limestones, mudstones and marls. In the NW of sheet 14 these beds are situated disconformably on top, of the Sareweh Beds with a basal conglomerate but eastward this disconformity disappears.
The Badui Beds are the last sediments to be deposited in this area during Miocene times. After their deposition folding and uplift took place until Pliocene times, during which the Cimanceuri Beds were deposited on the eroded surface of the folded Miocene complex.
The marine facies of the beds contain larger Foraminifera indicating an upper Burdigalian (Tf1) age. They may be correlated with the Rembang Beds in North Java.
In the South, the Badui Beds contain boulders of a granodiorite, the Cihara granodiorite.
The thickness varies from 175 m in the NW part of the Bayah district, to at least 300 m in the Southern part.
Type locality: Badui district, Residency of Bantam, W Java. No exact type-locality is indicated.
Geographical distribution: NW part of Bayah Mountains, Bantam, W Java.
Diagnostic fossils: Flosculinella bontangensis Rutten, Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin, C. transiens Tan, C. biplicatus Tan.
Reference: Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), pp. 629-630.
Analysis of a sample (R136) from the Badui Beds north of Cijengkol shows the sediments to contain lithic clasts as well as common quartz grains. These quartz grains are unlike the strained, inclusion rich metasedimentary quartz seen in Oligocene and Eocene sands in the region, or in the similar aged Lutut Beds to the east, but to comprise clear, unstrained quartz that is possibly reworked from the Cihara Granodorite. The age of the R-136 sample is NN5, probably lower part, or N7-N8 / mid lower Tf Letter Stage (L. ferreroi, in conjunction with the fauna described above)
BAGELEN BEDS (Formation) (Bagelen lagen). Eocene
Verbeek (R.D.M.) (1892). Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, pp. 134-135.
Marine conglomerates, quartz-sandstone, marls and clays.
Limestone lenses with corals and larger foraminifera.
Name is obsolete (according to Marks 1957 but new data suggsts this may be a vaild unit).
Type locality: Worowari, residency Bagelen, Serayu Mnts., N part of Central Java.
Geographic distribution: Type locality only.
Diagnostic fossils: Nummulites javanus (Verbeek), N. bagelensis (Verbeek), N. djogjakartae (Martin), N. nangulani (Verbeek), N. vredenburgi (Provale), Discocyclina javana (Verbeek), Borelis sp.
References: Rutten (L.M.R.) (1927), p. 74; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1937), p. 10; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), p. 104.
A study of the type locality in 1999 indicates that the Bagelen Beds are very deep marine Early Oligocene scaly clays with boulders of basement, Early Cretaceous Orbitolina limestone, quartz lithic sandstones and limestones with larger foraminifera. The foraminifera found in 1999 are largely as described in Marks but Borelis may refer to Alveolina, as found in the 1999 study. In the 1930's and 40's the term Borelis was used in a way that included all varieties now placed under Alveolina, cf. p. 87 van Bemmelen. Some samples are rich in Assilina. Thus most of the carbonate clasts are of Middle Eocene, T.a age. Some limestones from this location have rare Pellatispira in the same thin sections as Alveolina, Linderina and other T.a markers
BANYAK or BANJAK BEDS (Formation) (Banjak lagen). Mio-Pliocene
Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1941). Toelichting bij de bladen 73 (Semarang) en 74 (Oengaran). Geol. Kaart van Java, 1 / 100,000, pp. 27-29.
Andesitic tuffs and tuffaceous agglomerates, sometimes alternating with tuffaceous marls with Globigerina. Rare Lepidocyclina were found outside the map sheets 73/74 in sheet 80, indicating that the basal beds at least are upper Miocene in age.
The volcanics differ from the older ditto in the lack of hydrothermal change; the andesites are still quite fresh. The thickness varies between 250 m in the Kali Garang Area to 100 m in the Kaloran area, and to the West they wedge out completely.
The beds are conformably overlain by the Cipluk Beds (Formation), and in turn overlie the Penyatan Beds (Formation) disconformably.
They may be correlated with the Kaliwangu Beds in the Eastern N Serayu Mnts. (sheet 58, Bumiaju) and the Lower Bodas Series in sheet 66.
Type locality: not given.
Geographical distribution: in the N of the N Serayu Mnts, S of Semarang; the Kaloran Basin, and in the SE corner of sheet 74.
Diagnostic fossils; small Lepidocyclina sp.
Reference: Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), p. 606.
BAYAH COAL BEDS (Group) (Bajah kolen lagen) Eocene
Ziegler (K.G.J.) (1918). Verslag over de uitkonisten van mijnb. geol. onderzoekingen in Z. Bantam, Jaarb. Mijnwezen, Verh. 1, pp. 76, 78.
The facies in these layers changes from South to North.
In the South the facies consists of quartz sandstones and conglomerates, black clay-shales, tuff layers and seams of allochthonous coal (paralic facies). Thickness at least 1500 m. Towards the North the facies becomes marine and neritic: clays, marls, quartz-sandstones and foraminiferal limestones. Thickness unknown.
The age is considered to be Lower Eocene, because of the fossil content. The lower limit is unknown. At the upper side the series, is. conformably overlain by the Citarucup layers (Formation) of upper Eocene age but mostly these are lacking and the group is covered by the Oligocene Lower Cijengkol Beds. A hiatus must therefore be assumed between the Bayah Beds and the Cijengkol Beds.
Type locality: Bayah, South coast of Bantam, W Java.
Geographical distribution: Bayah Region, W Java.
Diagnostic fossils: The marine (Northern) facies contains Assilina, Pellatispira, Discocyclina and Numulites [=Camerina].
Other name: Bayah Lagen (Bajah Beds).
References: Koolhoven (W.C.B.) (1 93 3), p. 1 8; Koolhoven (W.C.B.) (1936), pp. 161-164: Rutten (L.M.R.) (1927), p. 73; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), pp. 104, 628.
BAYAH LAYERS (Schichten von Bajah). Pliocene
Martin (K.) (1895). Neues uber das Tertiar von Java und die mesozoische Schichten von W Borneo. Samml. d. geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, ser. 1, vol. V, p. 4 1.
Obsolete name, originally written "Rajah", for marine beds near Bayah, South Bantam, W Java. They contain a molluscan fauna studied by Martin (K.) (1919, p. 123). According to Koolhoven (1933, p. 18, note) Martin's Bayah layers are equivalent to the Cimanceuri Beds.
See also: Bayah Coal Beds (Group).
BENTANG BEDS (Formation) (Bentang lagen) Miocene (Java)
Anonymous (1939). Jaarboek Mijnw. (1940), Alg. ged., pp. 16-27.
1. Lower Bentang Beds, occurring especially in the Sagaranten area: Tuff sandstones with debris of marine mollusca, alternating-with clay sandstones with carbonaceous and thin lignite seams. Lenses of foraminiferal limestone and marly sandstones rich in marine molluscs occur. To the South these beds pass into conglomerates and gravel rich in Balanus, succeeded by glauconitic tuff-sandstones, and calcareous sandstones.
2. Upper Bentang Beds. Marly, mostly pumiceous crystal-tuffs and tuff-marls or marly glass-tuffs, rich in Globigerina. The marly rocks become more and more important in a southward direction, until the formation consists of Globigerina- rich tuff marls with intercalations of coarse tuff-sandstone and white pumice tuff. The exposed thickness is 250 m.
The Bentang Beds contain local concentrations of titanomagnetite. After the deposition of the formation, a period of erosion followed, during which much of the Bentang beds were carried away, while the ore remained on the abrasion-surface, in the shape of isolated lenses intercalated in Pleistocene shore deposits.
The larger foraminifera contained in the Bentang Beds indicate a Young Miocene age.
Type locality: Gunung Bentang, South of Sagaranten, Jampang area, South Priangan, W. Java.
Geographical distribution: Jampang area, S.W. Java.
Diagnostic fossils: Lepidocyclina gigantea, Cycloclypeus sp. with 3-4 nepionic rings Trybliolepidina sp.
References: Pannekoek (A.J.) (1946), pp. 340-367; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), p. 621.
BESER SERIES (Formation) (Beser Serie) Miocene
Anonymous (1939). Jaarboek Mijnw. Ned. Indie (1940). general part, pp. 17, 24.
Volcanic layers of andesite and pumice, containing pyroxene and hornblende, coarse, irregular lahar breccia. To the East the breccia layers become thinner, and begin to interfinger with tuffaceous light-green clay and tuff sandstone, sometimes with thin conglomerate-layers. To the West of the occurrence, gray clays and conglomerates may be a fluviatile facies of the formation.
They are overlying the Ciodeng Beds, the upper part of which may pass laterally into the Beser Beds. At the base the Beser Beds contain a marly intercalation with Turritella angulata cramatensis Martin, guide fossil for the Ciodeng stage of Oostingh (Miocene).
The beds are overlain by the Upper Miocene Bentang Beds.
Type locality: Gunung Beser, 15 km SE of Sukabumi, Priangan, W. Java.
Geographical distribution: a more or less circular area of 25 km around the G. Beser.
Diagnostic fossils: Turritella angulata cramatensis Martin.
Other name: Beser Beds (in van Bemmelen, 1949).
Reference: Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), pp. 620-621.
BODAS SERIES (Formation) (Bodas serie). Mio-Pliocene
Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1937). Toelichting bij blad 66 (Karangkobar). Geol. kaart van Java 1: 100,000, p. 16.
The Bodas series occurs in two facies: to the NW of Banjarnegara, the facies is mainly marine, to the east of the same town the facies is volcanic.
To the N of Banjarnegara a mixed facies is developed.
a) The marine facies begins with a marly limestone of several tens of metres thickness, disconformably overlying the Upper Penjatan Formation. The limestone contains corals and some molluscs.
On top of the limestone a monotonous series of grey marls has been deposited, to a total thickness of 2500-3000 m. The marls contain fossil mollusca, and intercalations of thin layers of sandy, coarse tuffs, which are composed of the erosion products of older formations. In the lower part an intercalation of andesitic breccia occurs.
The marine Bodas series is overlain by the Pliocene Ligung Series (Formation).
b) The volcanic facies is especially well developed in the Maung Ridge N of Banjarnegara. It consists of andesitic breccias and tuff-sandstone with plant-remains. The thickness is about 800 m for the volcanics. The marine facies is still represented in the Maung ridge by green Globigerina marls, to a visible thickness of about 200 m. The marl is intercalated by marly tuff sandstones, coarse polymict conglomerates, with elements from the older Neogene and the Eocene, which according to van Bemmelen, may be correlated with the basal layers of Harloff's "basal layers of the third Breccia Horizon". In some places basal limestone is visible below the volcanic breccias (10 km E of Banjarnegara).
Some larger foraminifera and molluscs indicate an old Pliocene age.
Type locality: Kali Bodas, a small river 20 km WNW of Bandjarnegara, Central Java.
Geographical distribution: North Serayu Mountain Range, between Bumiaju and Semarang, Central Java.
Diagnostic fossils: Terebratulina exarata (Martin); Solariella amblygoniata (Cossmann); Cycloclypeus with 4-6 nepionic rings.
Reference: Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), p. 606.
Van Bemmelen (op.cit) notes that Lepidocyclina is present but rare in the limestone. Samples collected in the last few years from the Bodas limestone, on the southern flanks of the "Worawari nappe", are of plankton dominated, bioclastic limestone. Frequent larger forams are present including Planorbulinella, Cycloclypeus, Sphaerogyspina, and rare Lepidocyclina. In the plankton the genus Orbulina can be identified (with good specimens having a final chamber more than 0.5mm in diameter and fully enclosing the juvenile spire). These forms date the sample as Middle or Late Miocene. Red algae fragments are frequent in the sample, with rare green algae (although not Halimeda). The environment of deposition would probably have been open marine, receiving debris from nearly biohermal build-ups.
BOJONG BEDS (Formation) (Bodjonglagen). Pliocene
Anonymous (1938). Jaarboek Mijnw. Ned. Indie, Alg. ged., p. 19.
The above given reference is a preliminary summary of the stratigraphy of the sheets 13 (Rangkasbitung) and 18 (Bogor) of the geol. map of Java 1: 100,000. The data are therefore still brief and insufficient.
Disconformably overlying the Cipacar and Cilegong Beds are about 200 m glauconitic and sandy marls, sometimes tuffaceous, with rich fauna of molluscs, corals, echinoids, smaller Foraminifera, etc.
Towards the N the facies changes: more pumiceous tuffs are intercalated, while lense-shaped reef-limestones occur.
They are disconformably overlain (near the village Rankasbitung) by Quaternary volcanics of the Gunung Karang.
Geographical distribution: Sheets 13 and 18 (and sheet 19) all in the Bantam district of W Java, West of Bogor (Buitenzorg).,
Diagnostic fossils: Turritella angulata bantamensis Martin; Tritonalia bantamensis (Martin), Cantharus lulianus (Martin); Trigonostoma bantamensis (Oostingh); Clavus malingpingense Oostingh.
The type Bojong Beds were studied for foraminifera by LeRoy 1941
BOJONGMANIK BEDS (Formation) (Bodjongmanik lagen) Miocene
Anonymous (1938), Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Indie, p. 17.
A preliminary report was published in the above paper on the stratigraphy of Bantam, W. Java, i.c. sheets 13 (Rankasbitung), and 18 (Buitenzorg) of the geological survey of Java. Of necessity, the results given are very limited. Only the Upper Bodjongmanik Beds are described:
Fossiliferous marls with molluscs, dark claystones with intercalations of bituminous clay and lignite; tuffaceous sandstones with pumiceous tuffs in the upper parts. Thickness not indicated.
The beds probably overlie the Badui Beds; are equivalent to the Lower Bojongmanik Beds (?) and are disconformably overlain by the Genteng Beds.
Type locality: Not given.
Geographical distribution: Not given.
Diagnostic fossils Vicarya verneuilli callosa Jenkins; Siphocypraea. caput-viperae (Martin) Paphia neglecta Martin; Apolymentis grimens elongata (Haanstra and Spiker); Cultelius dilatatus Martin.
BPM (Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij) UNITS
Brouwer, J. (1957, isued 1966). Stratigraphy of the younger Tertiary in North East Java and Madura. Bataafse Int. Petrol. Maat. n.v. The Hague. Report EP-37680.
Terms used by the B.P.M. were as follows:
In additon the BPM noted a Djokjakarta formation for "sediments of Cretaceous and Eocene age" known from Nanggulan, G. Gamping and Jiwo. The Karimundjawa Formation was the term used for quartzitic sandstones, conglomerates and schists from the Karimunjawa Islands
Formations marked * are used by van Bemmelen (1949)
Of these units the Kawengan Formation (excluding the Ngrayong Mbr) corresponded to an older term Globigerinen formatie (or GL), which was a reference to the physical composition of the rock with common or abundant planktonic foraminifera. The Globigerinen formatie overlay the Orbitoiden formatie or Orbitoiden Kalk (or OK) which referred to rock in which orbitoid larger foraminifera (Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina and others) were a major rock component. Field work and drilling (especially the Bodjonegoro-1 and Pegat-2 wells) had proven the existence of age equivalents to the Orbitoiden formatie without the large quantities of orbitoid bioclasts, and actually very similar lithologically to the Globigerinen formatie. The BPM therefore dropped these two terms as they were clearly facies types. However, in spite of this, the term OK has persisted into recent times, with some oil companies even using the term "OK" for carbonates without orbitoids that post date the original OK limestones (i.e. deposited after the virtual disappeance of orbitoid larger foraminifera in eastern Java in mid Middle Miocene times).
A short summary of the BPM units is as follows:
LIDAH FM. Author: Van Gogh, 1906, Blue grey clays in the vicinity of the Lidah Anticline. Volcaniclastics, sandstones and limestones elsewhere.
Malo Limestone Member. A minor limestone unit with patchy distiribution. It as been seen in outcrop in the Kawengan area (near Malo vilage, Makkinga 1934), and in shot-point samples to the east, where it is seen to be composed of molusc debris and some foraminifera.
Selorejo Sand Member. Author unknown, type at the village of Selorejo, near Cepu. Foraminiferal sand; "consists almost 100% of foraminifera". Unpublished work on this Globigerina-chalk shows the age to be latest Pliocene. The facies is rich in glauconite. It also appears to be a localised facies. Some units attributed to this facies such as the Danderkalk (near the later Dander-1 well) and near Candi south of Pati can be shown now to be older, Early Pliocene, globigerine sediments)
Mundu marl Member. Author: Trooster, 1937. Type section "Mundu standard section" (sheet Bodjonegoro U-26, Geological Map of Java 1:100,000). Monotonous Globigerina marls, locally developing into "Globigerina sandstone".
Ledok Sandstone Member. Author: Blumer, 1912. Type section Ledok Anticline (sheet Bodjonegoro U-26, Geological Map of Java 1:100,000). Glauconitic sandstone rich in microfossils. No mention is made of the composition of the sand grains other than the glauconite. [The term Sentul fm. is mentioned by Brouwer as an equivalent to the Ledok in the south Rembang Hills where the facies is a sandy shale. This term has not been widely utilised, although it was used by Genevraye and Samuel (1972).]
Wonocolo Marl Member. Author: Blumer, 1912. Type locality of Kawengan Anticline near Wonotjolo 200 m outcropping and 300 m subsurface. Monotonous blue green shales, generally unstratified, usually rich in foraminifera, some molluscs and solitary corals. On seismic data the Wonocolo can sometimes be seen to grade into a biohermal facies (?Parigi equivalent). This is only seen in the west and north (offshore) of eastern Java.
Ngrayong Sand Member. Author: Klein, 1919. Type locality in the Ngrayong Anticline. "A good description of the member as it occurs at the type locality could not be found." Elsewhere a sandstone with intercalations of coal, sandy clay and sandy limestones that are very fossiliferous. No mention is made by Brouwer as to the composition of the sand. It includes the Platten complex of Trooster, 1937.
Madura Formation. This name was proposed by the B.P.M. even though they said it would be synonymous with the established name Karrenkalkformatie of Bloemgarten & Dettingmeyer (1921) (=Karren Limestone). It is a coralline limestone found in the north of East Java and on Madura. Almost always lacking any age index larger foraminifera (post the end-OK extinction of many larger forams), the B.P.M. considered this limestone to have a wide age range and to conformably overly, and be a lateral equivalent of the Wonocolo Marl, and possibly the upper part of the Ngrayong Member. Unpublished work on this limestone in the type area (near the Kertegeneh Structure, NE Java) has found the latest Miocene to recent foraminiferal genus Calcarina, showing this unit to be younger than the Wonocolo.
Tuban Formation. The Tuban Formation was a term introduced by the B.P.M. in the 1950's to replace the Orbitoiden formatie. It is very similar, if not identical to the term Rembang Beds defined by Martin in 1900. Brouwer introduced the Tuban Formation as ..." a combination of the Orbitoiden formatie and the Kujung [Kudjung] formatie, the first generally representing the upper, the second the lower part." The Kujung Formation had only been established in 1952 and referred to thick marls in north east Java that were correlated with the marls and thin limestones on Kangean and Raas Islands to the east, of Letter Stage T.e age.
The mudstone section in the Tawun anticline wells, that was at least 2,000 meters thick, was used as the first of four type locations, although it exact relationship to the outcrops of the Prupuh structure to the NW was not known. The term "Tawun formation" is not used by Brouwer so its use must be assumed to be a later invention of the oil industry. The Prupuh area yielded the Prupuh kalk (Vischer 1952), described as 40-80 m of intercalated white limestones and marls, beds being more 'brecciated" in the upper part. Below this unit were beds from the Krandji section which were "clays marls" up to a 1000 meters thick that then overlaid at least 450 meters of shales. These lowest shales contained platey limestone layers up to 40 cms thick that are often sandy. As with the Tawun, the name Kranji Beds, is not used by the BPM even though they descibed the beds and named the location that have been used to establish this unit.
Note that in 1957 the Kujung was known only from outcrops dominated by mudstones; the massive and extensive limestones that are now termed Kujung had not yet been discovered.
See: South Serayu Miocene.
Harsono (1983). Biostratigraphy and paleogeography northeastern Java (PhD Thesis).
In defining the Bulu Formation Harsono acknowledges the previous name of Platten Complex (BPM, Trooster, 1937). The Bulu or Platten is a yellowish white and platey, or white and massive limestone, containing abundant foraminifera and coralline material. Planktonic foraminifera are locally present, often common. Quartz grains are commonly found in the thinner, platey limestone facies. The age of the units is mid-Middle Miocene based on the ages of planktonic foraminifera recovered from the underlying Ngrayong formation (rare, but locally faunas with N11-N12 G. fohsi & G fohsi lobata markers), and the N13 or N14 age of the base of overlying Wonocolo marls (with G. mayeri/siakensis, with, at best, questionable specimens of the N13 marker G. ruber / subquadratus, - unpublished personal observations).
Type locality: about 8 km west of Bulu Village, northeast Central Java (between the towns of Rembang and Blora).
Geographic distribution: See notes above.
Diagnostic fossils: Lepidocyclina and Cycloclypeus spp. inc. C. annulatus., Miogypsina
BUMIAYU BEDS (Group) Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleist.
Haar (C. ter) (1929). Excursion guide E4, 4th Pacific Science Congress, Java.
The beds consist of the following four units:
4. Vertebrate-zone. This higher unit consists of terrestrial sandstones and conglomerates with scattered vertebrate remains.
The lower part consists of volcanic tuffs, sands and conglomerates, at the base alternating with marine deposits.
(Globigerina-marls and pelecypod shells, very shallow water deposits). The combination indicates a beach deposit, where vertebrate remains from rivers or creeks were deposited in a neritic-littoral environment.
3. Turritella zone, clayish Globigerina-beds with marine pelecypods.
2. Breccia zone, andesitic pyroclastic sediments with marine intercalations.
1. Limestone-marl zone with small forms of Lepidocyclina (Trybliolepidina).
The superposition given above is according to that found in the field 1 = lowest, 4 = uppermost bed.
The age of the limestone-marl zone is Upper Miocene, zones 2 and 3 are considered to be of Pliocene age.
The vertebrate zone, containing the Kali Glagah fauna of von Koenigswald, is considered to be lowermost Pleistocene by Marks (1957).
Comments from Prof. G.H.R. von Koenigswald:
"The vertebrate zone of the Kaliglagah lies in Oostingh's Cheribonian. If Kaliglagah is made Pleistocene, the same must happen to the Cheribonian."
Type locality: Kali Glagah, near Bumiayu, S. of Tegal, Central Java.
Geographic distribution: Type locality only.
Diagnostic fossils: Mastodon (Trilophodon) bumiajuensis V.D. Maarel, Hippopotamus simpler, Colossochelys atlas. (Vertebrate Zone).
References: Zwierzicky (J.) (1926), pp. 229-234; Maarel (F.H. van der) (1932); Koenigswald (G.H.R. von) (1933), no. 23; Bemmelen (R.W. van) (1949), pp. 91-92.
BUTAK BEDS (Boetak lagen) Miocene
See: Southern Mountains Miocene (Series).